Feature / SymptomClinically Normal PulpReversible PulpitisIrreversible PulpitisPulp Necrosis / Infected RCS
Diagnostic BasisN/A (Healthy)Based on severity & duration of symptoms.Based on severity & duration of symptoms.Based on diagnosing apical periodontitis (pulp sensibility tests, periapical status, radiographs).
Typical Stages & SymptomsNo symptoms or signs.
  • Chronic: Few & occasional symptoms - short, sharp pain to heat, cold.
  • Acute: Regular short, sharp pain with heat, cold.
  • Chronic: Occasional sharp & lingering pain with heat, cold.
  • Acute: Severe sharp & lingering pain with heat, cold; Spontaneous; Worse lying down; Wakes patient. May have apical periodontitis.
  • Pulp Necrosis: Mixed symptoms/signs of pulpal & necrosis.
  • Pulpless Infected RCS: Pulpless with infection.
  • Pulpless Necrosis: No pulp symptoms.
  • (All eventually lead to acute apical periodontitis)
Nature of PainNoneSharp, mild–mod.Sharp & achingDull ache, throbbing
Thermal SensitivityResponds normallyExtreme temp'sMild changes-
Duration of PainN/AShort (sec's–min's)Lingers (* > 5–10 min's)On + off–Continuous
Biting Pain-+/-++
Percussion-+/-++
Spontaneous Pain--+/-+
Wakes at Night--+/-+/-
Worse Lying Down--+-
Radiographic Changes- (Normal)-+/- (PDL widening)+ (Periapical radiolucency)
History of Previous Problems--+/-+/-