Overview

Criticisms

  • 41 included studies, and more than half are low quality
    • “41.4% (n = 17) (20,24,38,47–53,56–58,65,67) as ‘low’, 24.4% (n = 10) (15,16,23,35,43,45,54,55,59–62) as ‘critically low’ quality according to AMSTAR2 scoring system.” (Al-Aizari et al., 2026, p. 3) (pdf)

Etiology

  • uncertain and multifactorial, involving :
    • Genetic
    • immunological
    • microbial and environmental factors

Management overview

“Quite challenging due to the diseases’ clinical heterogeneity ” “a Wide array of pharmacological and non-pharmacological therapies has been evaluated for management of ras with limited success”

Mainstay

Topical corticosteroids, particularrly triamcinolone acetonide are used for mild and moderate episodes Sever lesions utilize corticosteroids, colchicine and thalidomide

  • systemic side effects in these suck

Pharmacologics

  • Topical corticosteroids - triamcinolone acetonide
    • milde and moderate episodes
  • systemic corticosterois
    • severe
  • colchicine
    • severe
  • thalidomide
    • severe
  • topical antibiotics (tetracyclines)
    • not sure ?

Biologics

physical?

  • Laser therapy
    • by promoting epithelial healing and reducing inflammation through photobiomodulation

Natural and herbal

  • Aloe vera
  • licorice root extract
  • honey
  • probiotics

Pharmacological Management

corticosteroids

Topical

  • Triamcinolone acetonide
  • Betamethasone valerate
  • Clobetasol propionate All administered as adhesive pastes, aerosols or orabase preparation ad applied 2-4 times daily for treatment periods randing from five days to eith weeks

What u need for the presenation

Key findings Strengths Limitations