Unit Learning Outcome 27

Explain the clinical examination and tests required to diagnose orofacial pain, including temporomandibular disorders, and explain their management.

  • Explain the common causes and mechanisms of orofacial
    pain.
    o Ability to define, classify, and differentiate between
    various mechanisms of pain including orofacial pain.
    o Distinguish various pain presentations including acute vs
    chronic pain; physiological vs pathophysiological pain
    and understand how the biopsychosocial model
    contributes to the experience and perception of orofacial
    pain.
    o Define, classify and discuss the aetiological factors of
    temporomandibular disorders (TMD) and understand the
    anatomy and function of the temporomandibular joint
    (TMJ) and masticatory muscles.
    o Learn to perform a comprehensive history for orofacial
    pain patients including the e:ective use of examination
    tools for TMD assessment, and apply diagnostic criteria
    for TMD.
    o Understand common intracapsular disorders with regards
    to aetiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis, clinical features
    and management including subluxation and luxation of
    the TMJs.
    o Understand common extracapsular disorders with
    regards to aetiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis, clinical
    features and management.

o Outline the rationale for splint therapy including
mechanisms of action, various types of splint designs,
indications, and the evidence supporting their use in
managing temporomandibular disorders and bruxism.
o Discuss the indications, mechanism of action,
contraindications, side e:ects, and complications of
neuromodulators.
o Outline the aetiology, pathogenesis, clinical features,
diagnosis and management of neuropathic orofacial pain
conditions.
o Describe prevalence, aetiology, pathophysiology, clinical
features, diagnosis and management of various
conditions that may present as non-odontogenic
toothache.
o Describe evolution, epidemiology, risk factors, aetiology
and pathophysiology, clinical features, diagnosis and
management of bruxism.
o Understand the relationship between sleep and overall
health, identify risk factors for sleep-disordered
breathing, recognise tools for evaluating sleep disorders,
and understand available treatment options, including
e:ective management with oral appliance therapy

Lecture Schedule[^6]

DateDayStartFinishVenueLecture / Tutorial TopicLecturer
17/4/25Friday910211Defining Orofacial PainA/Prof Ramesh Balasubramaniam
17/4/25Friday1011211History and Examination including DC/TMDA/Prof Ramesh Balasubramaniam
17/4/25Friday1112211Temporomandibular Disorders: Intracapsular DisordersSupeetha Suntharamoorthy
24/4/26Friday89211Temporomandibular Disorders: Extracapsular DisordersDr. Lalima Tiwari
24/4/26Friday910211Occlusal Splint TherapyA/Prof Ramesh Balasubramaniam
24/4/26Friday1011211Botulinum Toxin for Orofacial PainLasanthini Weerakkody
24/4/26Friday1112211Neuropathic Orofacial Pain including Burning Mouth SyndromeDr. Amanda Phoon Nguyen
1/5/26Friday910KJG SNon-Odontogenic ToothacheA/Prof Ramesh Balasubramaniam
1/5/26Friday1011KJG SBruxismDr. Amanda Phoon Nguyen
1/5/26Friday1112KJG SOral Appliance Therapy for Snoring and Obstructive Sleep ApnoeaA/Prof Ramesh Balasubramaniam
15/5/26Friday812211TUTORIAL: Clinical cases in TMD, OFP and DSM 1A/Prof Ramesh Balasubramaniam
22/5/26Friday812211TUTORIAL: Clinical cases in TMD, OFP and DSM 2A/Prof Ramesh Balasubramaniam
  • The first tutorial session involves learning how to think through questions.
  • The second tutorial is an open session for student questions and study.
  • Today's focus is on Defining Orofacial Pain and History/Examination notes.