OPG Case 4

Technical Quality and Positioning

  • ==Joker Smile: Present due to the anchor plane being oriented downwards.==
  • ==Airspace: No airspace visible because the tongue was not positioned on the roof of the mouth.==
  • ==Ghost Images: A ghost image of the hyoid bone is visible on the left hand side of the mandible.==

Dental Analysis

  • ==Tooth Count: All 32 teeth are present.==
  • ==Impacted/Ectopic Teeth:==
    • 3, 8 and 4, 8 are vertically impacted and associated with pericoronitis.
  • ==Dental Anomalies:==
    • 3, 3 is rotated and infra-occluded.
    • 4, 4 and 1, 8 show buccal rotation.
  • ==Dental Pathology:==
    • 3, 7 has a restoration extending into the pulp floor.
    • No bone loss is noted.
  • ==Occlusion: Occlusal asymmetry is present, with an asymmetrical deviation of mandibular teeth on the right hand side.==

Bony Structures and Pathology

  • ==General: No abnormal radiolucencies, radio-opacities, or fractures are present. The trabecular pattern is unaltered.==
  • ==Maxillary Sinus: Bilateral sinuses are in close proximity to the maxillary molars.==
  • ==Zygomatic Arch: The zygomaticotemporal suture is visible bilaterally; it is a normal anatomical feature and not a fracture, though it appears distinct in this patient.==

Mandibular Asymmetry and TMD

  • ==Morphology:==
    • ==Left Side: The mandible is larger. The angle is very obtuse and rounded, with a loss of the antigonial notch (a normal anatomical feature). This is suggestive of left hemi-mandibular hyperplasia.==
    • ==Right Side: The mandible is smaller. The condyle is small and tilted backwards rather than flattened. This is suggestive of right condylar hypoplasia.==
  • ==Condylar Comparison: The left condyle appears normal and rounded at the superior point. The right condyle is smaller and tilted.==
  • ==Symmetry: The left side is more rounded, while the right side is flattened on the condylar range and shorter than the left.==

Diagnosis and Management

  • ==Diagnosis: Asymmetric mandible (congenital rather than traumatic) characterized by left hemi-mandibular hyperplasia and right condylar hypoplasia.==
  • ==Referral Path:==
    • ==Orthodontist: Initial referral should be to an orthodontist to assist in diagnosis and planning, as correction involves orthodontic treatment.==
    • ==Maxillofacial Surgeon: For surgical correction of the bony asymmetry (orthognathic surgery).==
  • ==Further Investigations:==
    • Cone Beam CT (CBCT) or standard CT scan to better visualize the bony abnormalities and asymmetry.