1. Discuss the indications and contraindications for the selection of space maintaining appliances
2. Discuss the indications and contraindications for the selection of various space regaining appliances
3. Discuss the construction of different appliances
4. Discuss the construction of different appliances
5. Describe the timing and sequence of treatment
6. Identify the possible causes of midline diastemas and spacing
7. Discuss the relationship between spacing and protrusion
B-2 Potential Crowding & Space Maintenance
1. Describe diagnostic information necessary to make decisions concerning space maintenance or management
2. Identify and discuss alternative space analysis procedures
3. Discuss the importance of determining the etiology of tooth loss
4. Discuss the phenomenon of space loss
5. List factors that weigh in the decision whether to maintain or regain space
6. Discuss the relevancy of the above factors to space management
B-3 Crossbites and Vertical Problems in Children
1. Identify skeletal contributions to anterior crossbites
2. Identify dental contributions to anterior crossbites
3. Identify the significance of functional shifts in anterior cross bites
4. Evaluate space, tooth orientation and position, intermaxillary relationships and eruption timing and sequence regarding the teeth involved in the anterior crossbites as etiologic and treatment factors
5. State rationale for correcting anterior crossbites
6. Recommend appropriate treatment for anterior crossbites including timing and appliance design
7. Explain the relevance of facial form to posterior crossbite diagnosis
8. List the etiologic factors of posterior crossbite
9. Describe the clinical findings consistent with a bilateral maxillary constriction, a bilateral constriction accompanied by a mandibular shift, and a true unilateral maxillary constriction
10. Describe the rationale for correcting posterior crossbites
11. Describe the appropriate timing and appliance design for posterior crossbite treatment
B-4 Vertical Problems/ Habits
1. Define vertical problem and its classification (i.e. dental, skeletal) and possible aetiologies
2. Describe epidemiology relating to vertical problems and malocclusion
3. Identify skeletal patterns predisposing patients to deep bite and open bite
4. Explain oral-facial grwoth patterns and physiology as they relate to vertical problems
5. Identify treatment and timing for vertical problems
B-5 Adjunctive Orthodontic Treatment Procedures
1. Describe indications for repositioning anterior teeth in adults
2. Discuss use of diagnostic set-ups in planning adjunctive incisor positioning
3. Describe indications and methods for extrusion of fractured teeth
4. Describe periodontal implications of orthodontic treatment in adults
5. Identify appropriate appliances for different clinical problems
6. Explain types of appliances, in terms of active and reactive units
7. Explain appliance placement, adjustments and timing
8. Identify potential side effects or sequela of treatment