**Intraoral** **Radiographic** **Anatomy** Dr Dayea Oh OMF Radiologist **Intraoral Radiographic Anatomy** Dr Dayea Oh OMF Radiologist **BW, PA & Occlusograph Anatomy** Dental structures Osseous structures Canals and foramina Artefacts #### BW, PA & Occlusograph Anatomy - Dental structures - Osseous structures - Canals and foramina - Artefacts # References & Recommended Textbooks Essentials of dental radiography and radiology 5th edition by Whaites, Eric; Drage, Nicholas Churchill Livingstone 2013 Pocket atlas of dental radiology by Pasler, Friedrich A; Visser, Heiko Flexibook, 2007 Oral radiology: principles and interpretation 7th edition by White, Stuart C; Pharoah, M. J Permalink 2014 - 8th edition available now - Essentials of dental radiography and radiology 5th edition by Whaites, Eric; Drage, Nicholas. Churchill Livingstone 2013 - Pocket atlas of dental radiology by Pasler, Friedrich A; Visser, Heiko. Flexibook, 2007 - Oral radiology: principles and interpretation 7th edition by White, Stuart C; Pharoah, M. J. Permalink 2014 - 8th edition available now Teeth  Teeth Dental radiograph showing multiple teeth with arrows pointing to specific anatomical structures: pulp in the second molar, enamel in the first molar, and dentin in the second premolar. **Cervical Burnout** **FIG. 12.2** Cervical burnout is caused by overexposure of the lateral portion of roots between the enamel and the alveolar crest and results in an ill-defined radiolucent zone (arrows).  **FIG. 12.2** Cervical burnout is caused by overexposure of the lateral portion of roots between the enamel and the alveolar crest and results in an ill-defined radiolucent zone (arrows). Dental radiograph showing cervical burnout. The image displays multiple teeth with white arrows pointing to ill-defined radiolucent zones on the lateral portions of the roots between the enamel and the alveolar crest. Root Canal – Apical third **FIG. 12.6** Although the root canal is typically not radiographically visible in the apical 2 mm of a tooth, anatomically it is present and contains the vascular and neural supply to the pulp (**arrow**).  ##### Root Canal – Apical third **FIG. 12.6** Although the root canal is typically not radiographically visible in the apical 2 mm of a tooth, anatomically it is present and contains the vascular and neural supply to the pulp (**arrow**). Radiograph showing the apical third of several teeth. A white arrow points to the distal aspect of one tooth's root, indicating the presence of the root canal in the apical region where it is often radiographically obscured. Mixed Dentition – Developing Roots **FIG. 12.8** A developing root shown by a divergent apex around the dental papilla (**arrow**), which is enclosed by an opaque bony crypt. The apices of the first molar are still open but nearing closure.  ##### Mixed Dentition – Developing Roots **FIG. 12.8** A developing root shown by a divergent apex around the dental papilla (**arrow**), which is enclosed by an opaque bony crypt. The apices of the first molar are still open but nearing closure. Radiograph showing mixed dentition with developing roots. An arrow points to a divergent apex around the dental papilla enclosed in an opaque bony crypt, indicating ongoing root development. **Periodontal Ligament Space** **FIG. 12.12** The periodontal ligament space (arrows) is seen as a narrow radiolucency between the tooth root and the lamina dura.  ##### Periodontal Ligament Space **FIG. 12.12** The periodontal ligament space (arrows) is seen as a narrow radiolucency between the tooth root and the lamina dura. Clinical radiograph showing the anterior teeth with arrows pointing to the periodontal ligament space. The caption explains that this space appears as a narrow radiolucency between the tooth root and the lamina dura. Lamina Dura _A_ B  Lamina Dura _A_ B Composite radiographic figure showing two panels labeled A and B demonstrating the lamina dura. Panel A displays a periapical radiograph of multiple posterior teeth with white arrows pointing to the thin, radiopaque cortical bone lining the tooth sockets. Panel B shows a lateral view of an edentulous area where the arrow indicates the lamina dura surrounding a recent extraction socket. Restorative Therapy FIG. 12.72 **Amalgam** restorations appear completely radiopaque (*arrows*). FIG. 12.77 Gutta-percha (*arrows*) is a radiopaque rubber-like material used in endodontic therapy.   ##### Restorative Therapy - **FIG. 12.72** Amalgam restorations appear completely radiopaque (*arrows*). - **FIG. 12.77** Gutta-percha (*arrows*) is a radiopaque rubber-like material used in endodontic therapy. Radiograph showing dental anatomy with black arrows pointing to bright white amalgam restorations on two teeth. Radiograph showing a tooth with root canal treatment, where white arrows point to the radiopaque gutta-percha filling inside the root canal. Orthodontic therapy & Crowns **FIG. 12.80** Orthodontic appliances have a characteristic radiopaque appearance. **FIG. 12.79** Porcelain appears radiolucent (**arrow**) over a metal coping.   ##### Orthodontic therapy & Crowns - **FIG. 12.80** Orthodontic appliances have a characteristic radiopaque appearance. - **FIG. 12.79** Porcelain appears radiolucent (**arrow**) over a metal coping. Radiograph showing orthodontic brackets and bands on teeth. The metallic components appear bright white (radiopaque) against the darker background of tooth structure. Periapical radiograph of anterior teeth with crowns. A white arrow points to the crown margin where the porcelain veneer is less dense (more radiolucent/darker) compared to the underlying metal coping which is extremely radiopaque (bright white). **Alveolar Crest** **FIG.** **12.11** The alveolar crests (**arrows**) are seen as cortical borders of the alveolar bone. The alveolar crest is continuous with the lamina dura.  ##### Alveolar Crest **FIG. 12.11** The alveolar crests (**arrows**) are seen as cortical borders of the alveolar bone. The alveolar crest is continuous with the lamina dura. Dental radiograph showing teeth and alveolar bone structure. Black arrows point to the alveolar crests, which appear as cortical borders of the alveolar bone and are continuous with the lamina dura. Trabecular Pattern **FIG. 12.17** The trabecular pattern in the posterior mandible is quite variable, generally showing large marrow spaces and sparse trabeculation, especially inferiorly (arrows).   ##### Trabecular Pattern **FIG. 12.17** The trabecular pattern in the posterior mandible is quite variable, generally showing large marrow spaces and sparse trabeculation, especially inferiorly (arrows). Radiograph showing anterior teeth with a trabecular pattern in the mandible. An arrow points to the inferior region indicating large marrow spaces and sparse trabeculation. Radiograph of posterior mandibular teeth showing the trabecular bone pattern. Two black arrows point to areas of sparse trabeculation and large marrow spaces in the inferior region of the jawbone. # Intermaxillary Suture **FIG. 12.19** The intermaxillary suture (**arrows**) appears as a curved radiolucency in the midline of the maxilla. **FIG. 12.20** The intermaxillary suture may terminate in a V-shaped widening (**arrow**) at the alveolar crest. This is a normal variation and should not be confused with alveolar bone loss associated with periodontal disease.   **FIG. 12.19** The intermaxillary suture (**arrows**) appears as a curved radiolucency in the midline of the maxilla. **FIG. 12.20** The intermaxillary suture may terminate in a V-shaped widening (**arrow**) at the alveolar crest. This is a normal variation and should not be confused with alveolar bone loss associated with periodontal disease. Clinical radiograph showing the anterior maxilla with two white arrows pointing to a vertical radiolucent line between the central incisors. This visualizes the intermaxillary suture appearing as a curved radiolucency in the midline of the maxilla. Clinical radiograph showing the anterior maxilla with a single white arrow pointing to a V-shaped radiolucency at the alveolar crest between the central incisors. This demonstrates the intermaxillary suture terminating in a V-shaped widening, identified as a normal anatomical variation. **Anatomical Landmark Rasterization & Transcription:** **Anterior Nasal Spine** **FIG. 12.21** The anterior nasal spine is seen as an opaque, irregular, or V-shaped projection from the floor of the nasal aperture in the midline (arrow).  ##### Anterior Nasal Spine **FIG. 12.21** The anterior nasal spine is seen as an opaque, irregular, or V-shaped projection from the floor of the nasal aperture in the midline (arrow). Radiograph showing the anterior nasal spine as an opaque, irregular, or V-shaped projection from the floor of the nasal aperture in the midline, indicated by an arrow. **FIG. 12.22** The anterior floor of the nasal aperture (arrows) appears as opaque lines extending laterally from the anterior nasal spine. **FIG. 12.23** The nasal septum (**black arrow**) arises directly above the anterior nasal spine and is covered on each side by mucosa (**white arrow**).   - **FIG. 12.22** The anterior floor of the nasal aperture (arrows) appears as opaque lines extending laterally from the anterior nasal spine. - **FIG. 12.23** The nasal septum (**black arrow**) arises directly above the anterior nasal spine and is covered on each side by mucosa (**white arrow**). Clinical radiograph showing the maxillary anterior region. Black arrows point to the anterior floor of the nasal aperture, which appears as opaque bony lines extending laterally from the central anterior nasal spine. Clinical radiograph showing the maxillary anterior region. A black arrow indicates the nasal septum arising above the anterior nasal spine. A white arrow points to the mucosal covering on the side of the septum. # Nasal Floor **FIG. 12.27** The floor of the nasal cavity, or hard palate (**arrows**), extends posteriorly, superimposed over the maxillary sinus. **FIG. 12.26** The floor of the nasal aperture (**arrows**) often may be seen extending posteriorly from the anterior nasal spine above the maxillary lateral incisor and canine.   - **FIG. 12.27** The floor of the nasal cavity, or hard palate (**arrows**), extends posteriorly, superimposed over the maxillary sinus. - **FIG. 12.26** The floor of the nasal aperture (**arrows**) often may be seen extending posteriorly from the anterior nasal spine above the maxillary lateral incisor and canine. Radiograph showing the nasal floor with white arrows pointing to the hard palate extending posteriorly. Radiograph showing the nasal floor with white arrows pointing to the nasal aperture extending posteriorly from the anterior nasal spine. # Incisive Canal    Incisive Canal Clinical radiograph panel showing two views of the anterior maxilla labeled A and B. Panel A displays a periapical view with white arrows pointing to a distinct radiolucent line extending vertically between the central incisors, identified as the incisive canal. Panel B shows a similar view with multiple white arrows indicating the same anatomical structure and adjacent periodontal ligament space. Composite image containing two panels: top-left is a cropped section of a panoramic or periapical radiograph with white arrows highlighting the incisive foramen region at the midline; top-right is a sagittal CBCT slice showing cross-sectional anatomy of the anterior alveolar process with visible trabecular bone pattern and tooth roots. Axial CBCT slice of the anterior maxilla showing a cross-section through the dental arch. The image reveals the roots of the central and lateral incisors with surrounding alveolar bone and the incisive canal running medially between the central incisor roots.  Radiograph: A dual-panel medical image labeled 'FIG. 12.31' containing two sagittal cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) sections, marked as (A) and (B), depicting the mid-sagittal plane of a maxillary arch. Both panels display radiographic anatomy of the anterior hard palate and nasal floor. Two distinct annotations are present in each view: a yellow arrow pointing to the nasopalatine canal within the palatal bone, and a white arrow indicating the incisive foramen at the junction of the alveolar process and the palate. The visual data illustrates the anatomical relationship between the tooth roots and the neurovascular structures of the floor of the nose. **FIG. 12.30** The superior foramina of the nasopalatine canal (**arrows**) appear just lateral to the nasal septum and posterior to the anterior nasal spine.  **FIG. 12.30** The superior foramina of the nasopalatine canal (**arrows**) appear just lateral to the nasal septum and posterior to the anterior nasal spine. Radiograph showing the superior foramina of the nasopalatine canal, indicated by black arrows. # Lateral Fossa **FIG. 12.32** (A) Cone beam computed tomography section through the long axis of a maxillary lateral incisor showing the lateral fossa as a depression on the buccal surface (*arrow*). (B) The lateral fossa is a diffuse radiolucency (*arrows*) in the region of the apex of the lateral incisor.  **FIG. 12.32** (A) Cone beam computed tomography section through the long axis of a maxillary lateral incisor showing the lateral fossa as a depression on the buccal surface (*arrow*). (B) The lateral fossa is a diffuse radiolucency (*arrows*) in the region of the apex of the lateral incisor. Medical imaging figure illustrating the anatomy and radiographic appearance of the lateral fossa. Panel A shows a cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) cross-section with an arrow pointing to a depression on the buccal surface of a maxillary lateral incisor. Panel B displays a dental radiograph where arrows indicate a diffuse radiolucency located at the apex of the lateral incisor. **Soft Tissue of the Nose**  Soft Tissue of the Nose Radiograph: A dental radiograph showing the anterior maxilla and upper teeth. Two black arrows point to a vertical radiolucent shadow superimposed over the central incisors, identified as the soft tissue outline of the nose. Nasolacrimal Canals **FIG. 12.35** The nasolacrimal canals are commonly seen as ovoid radiolucencies (**arrows**) on maxillary occlusal projections. They should not be confused with the greater palatine foramina, which are not apparent on maxillary occlusal projections.  **FIG. 12.35** The nasolacrimal canals are commonly seen as ovoid radiolucencies (**arrows**) on maxillary occlusal projections. They should not be confused with the greater palatine foramina, which are not apparent on maxillary occlusal projections. Radiograph of a maxillary occlusal projection showing the dental arch and surrounding anatomy. Two black arrows point to ovoid radiolucencies in the posterior maxilla, identified as nasolacrimal canals. These structures are visible due to their location and density relative to adjacent bone. # Maxillary Sinus **FIG. 12.36** The inferior border of the maxillary sinus (arrows) appears as a thin radiopaque line near the apices of the maxillary premolars and molars. **FIG. 12.37** The anterior border of the maxillary sinus (*white arrows*) crosses the floor of the nasal fossa (*black arrow*).   - **FIG. 12.36** The inferior border of the maxillary sinus (arrows) appears as a thin radiopaque line near the apices of the maxillary premolars and molars. - **FIG. 12.37** The anterior border of the maxillary sinus (*white arrows*) crosses the floor of the nasal fossa (*black arrow*). Radiograph showing the maxillary premolars and molars with white arrows pointing to the thin radiopaque line representing the inferior border of the maxillary sinus. Radiograph showing the anterior region of the maxilla with white arrows indicating the anterior border of the maxillary sinus crossing the floor of the nasal fossa, marked by a black arrow. <img>Dental X-ray showing neurovascular canals in the maxillary sinus <img>   Dental X-ray showing neurovascular canals in the maxillary sinus Labelled radiograph: Panel A showing a dental X-ray with an arrow pointing to a neurovascular canal in the lateral wall of the maxillary sinus. Labelled radiograph: Panel B showing multiple arrows indicating neurovascular canals in the lateral wall of the maxillary sinus.  Radiograph showing the zygomatic process of the maxilla with two panels (A and B) demonstrating variable morphology. Panel A shows a smaller process with thicker borders indicated by white arrows. Panel B shows a larger process with thinner borders indicated by black arrows. # Nasolabial Fold Nasolabial Fold Soft tissue shadow line across palate  Soft tissue shadow line across palate Radiograph showing a vertical tooth with multiple white arrows pointing to a radiopaque soft tissue shadow line extending along the buccal aspect of the alveolar bone.  Radiograph showing pterygoid plates indicated by arrows, located posterior to the maxillary tuberosity. # Genial Tubercles **FIG. 12.50** The genial tubercles (*arrow*) appear as a radiopaque mass, in this case without evidence of the lingual foramen.  **FIG. 12.50** The genial tubercles (*arrow*) appear as a radiopaque mass, in this case without evidence of the lingual foramen. Clinical radiograph showing the anterior mandible and maxillary teeth. A black arrow points to a distinct radiopaque mass located at the midline of the inferior alveolar canal region, identified as the genial tubercles. The caption notes that in this specific instance, there is no visible lingual foramen associated with the structure. # Lingual Foramen & Canal Lingual foramen. (A) Lingual foramen on a periapical view (**arrow**), with a sclerotic border, in the symphyseal region of the mandible. (B) Cone beam sagittal section through mandibular midline shows superior lingual foramen extending deep into the mandible from the lingual surface.  Lingual foramen. (A) Lingual foramen on a periapical view (**arrow**), with a sclerotic border, in the symphyseal region of the mandible. (B) Cone beam sagittal section through mandibular midline shows superior lingual foramen extending deep into the mandible from the lingual surface. Medical radiograph figure showing two views of a lingual foramen. Panel A is a periapical radiograph displaying an arrow pointing to a radiolucent area with a sclerotic border in the symphyseal region of the mandible between teeth roots. Panel B is a cone-beam CT sagittal section illustrating the superior lingual foramen extending deep into the mandible from the lingual surface. **Mental Fossa** **FIG. 12.53** The mental fossa is a depression on the anterior surface of the mandible and is seen as a radiolucent area with ill-defined borders (arrows) in the region of the incisor roots.  **FIG. 12.53** The mental fossa is a depression on the anterior surface of the mandible and is seen as a radiolucent area with ill-defined borders (arrows) in the region of the incisor roots. Radiograph showing the mental fossa region. White arrows point to a radiolucent area with ill-defined borders located between the roots of the incisors. Mental Foramen **FIG. 12.54** The mental foramen (**arrow**) appears as an oval radiolucency typically near the apex of the second premolar. **FIG. 12.56** The mental foramen (**arrow**) (over the apex of the second premolar) may simulate periapical disease. However, continuity of the lamina dura around the apex indicates the absence of periapical abnormality.    - **FIG. 12.54** The mental foramen (**arrow**) appears as an oval radiolucency typically near the apex of the second premolar. - **FIG. 12.56** The mental foramen (**arrow**) (over the apex of the second premolar) may simulate periapical disease. However, continuity of the lamina dura around the apex indicates the absence of periapical abnormality. Periapical radiograph showing multiple teeth with restorations. A white arrow points to a dark, oval-shaped radiolucent area in the bone inferior to the root apices, specifically near the second premolar, which is identified as the mental foramen. Composite image consisting of three panels labeled A, B, and C. Panel A shows a cross-sectional view of teeth roots. Panel B displays a vertical section of a single tooth root. Panel C depicts a sagittal slice of the jawbone. These appear to be CT or CBCT scans illustrating anatomical structures. Periapical radiograph showing four teeth. A white arrow points to a radiolucent area at the base of the second premolar. This visual demonstrates that despite the appearance of a lesion, the surrounding bone structure (lamina dura) remains intact and continuous, indicating it is not pathological. # Mandibular Canal **FIG. 12.57** Inferior alveolar canal. (A) On periapical view, **arrows** denote radiopaque superior and inferior cortical borders. (B) Cone beam section through the body of the mandible (different patient) shows corticated borders of the inferior alveolar canal. (C) Cone beam cross-sectional view shows the circular inferior alveolar canal with corticated borders lying adjacent to the lingual plate.  **FIG. 12.57** Inferior alveolar canal. (A) On periapical view, **arrows** denote radiopaque superior and inferior cortical borders. (B) Cone beam section through the body of the mandible (different patient) shows corticated borders of the inferior alveolar canal. (C) Cone beam cross-sectional view shows the circular inferior alveolar canal with corticated borders lying adjacent to the lingual plate. Medical figure labeled 'Mandibular Canal' containing three panels: (A) A periapical radiograph showing two teeth and the mandible with white arrows pointing to the radiopaque superior and inferior cortical borders of the inferior alveolar canal; (B) A cone beam CT sagittal section displaying the corticated borders of the inferior alveolar canal within the mandible; (C) A cone beam CT cross-sectional view illustrating the circular inferior alveolar canal with corticated borders adjacent to the lingual plate.  Dental radiograph showing two molar teeth with superimposed inferior alveolar canal. A white arrow points to the widened periodontal ligament space at the apex of the left molar due to anatomical overlap. The caption explains this is a normal anatomical variation, not pathology, confirmed by the intact lamina dura. Nutrient Canals **FIG. 12.60** Nutrient canals (arrows), demonstrated by radiopaque cortical borders, descend from the mandibular first molar. Nutrient canals at this location are a common finding. **FIG. 12.61** Nutrient canals seen as vertical radiolucent structures (arrows) in the anterior mandible are often associated with periodontal disease as in this patient.   - **FIG. 12.60** Nutrient canals (arrows), demonstrated by radiopaque cortical borders, descend from the mandibular first molar. Nutrient canals at this location are a common finding. - **FIG. 12.61** Nutrient canals seen as vertical radiolucent structures (arrows) in the anterior mandible are often associated with periodontal disease as in this patient. Radiograph showing nutrient canals indicated by arrows, descending from the mandibular first molar with radiopaque cortical borders. Radiograph of anterior mandible showing vertical radiolucent nutrient canals marked by arrows, noted to be associated with periodontal disease. Mylohyoid Ridge **FIG. 12.62** Mylohyoid ridge (arrows) running at the level of the molar apices and above the inferior alveolar canal.  **FIG. 12.62** Mylohyoid ridge (arrows) running at the level of the molar apices and above the inferior alveolar canal. Clinical radiograph showing a cross-section of the mandible with molars. The image highlights the mylohyoid ridge indicated by white arrows, which appears as a radiopaque line running parallel to the root apices of the teeth. The caption explains that this anatomical structure is located at the level of the molar apices and superior to the inferior alveolar canal. # **Submandibular Fossa / Concavity** **FIG. 12.64** Submandibular gland fossa (**arrows**), indicated by a radiolucent region with ill-defined borders and sparse trabecular bone lying inferiorly to the mandibular molars.  **FIG. 12.64** Submandibular gland fossa (**arrows**), indicated by a radiolucent region with ill-defined borders and sparse trabecular bone lying inferiorly to the mandibular molars. Clinical radiograph showing the submandibular gland fossa (concavity). The image displays the lower jawbone (mandible) with several molar teeth visible at the top, featuring bright white dental restorations. Two white arrows point to a radiolucent area below the tooth roots, which corresponds to the submandibular gland fossa. The caption describes this as a region with ill-defined borders and sparse trabecular bone. **External Oblique Ridge** **FIG. 12.65** External oblique ridge (**arrows**) on the buccal surface of the mandible, seen as a radiopaque line near the alveolar crest in the mandibular third molar region.  **FIG. 12.65** External oblique ridge (**arrows**) on the buccal surface of the mandible, seen as a radiopaque line near the alveolar crest in the mandibular third molar region. Radiograph showing external oblique ridge indicated by arrows on the buccal surface of the mandible. **Inferior Cortical Border of the Mandible** < **FIG. 12.66** The inferior border of the mandible (arrows) is seen as a dense, broad radiopaque band. < >  **FIG. 12.66** The inferior border of the mandible (arrows) is seen as a dense, broad radiopaque band. Radiograph showing teeth and the inferior cortical border of the mandible. White arrows point to the dense, broad radiopaque band representing the inferior border. End. End. [^1]: Original PDF page 1: [[L5 Intraoral Radiographic Anatomy.pdf#page=1|L5 Intraoral Radiographic Anatomy, p.1]] [^2]: Original PDF page 2: [[L5 Intraoral Radiographic Anatomy.pdf#page=2|L5 Intraoral Radiographic Anatomy, p.2]] [^3]: Original PDF page 3: [[L5 Intraoral Radiographic Anatomy.pdf#page=3|L5 Intraoral Radiographic Anatomy, p.3]] [^4]: Original PDF page 4: [[L5 Intraoral Radiographic Anatomy.pdf#page=4|L5 Intraoral Radiographic Anatomy, p.4]] [^5]: Original PDF page 5: [[L5 Intraoral Radiographic Anatomy.pdf#page=5|L5 Intraoral Radiographic Anatomy, p.5]] [^6]: Original PDF page 6: [[L5 Intraoral Radiographic Anatomy.pdf#page=6|L5 Intraoral Radiographic Anatomy, p.6]] [^7]: Original PDF page 7: [[L5 Intraoral Radiographic Anatomy.pdf#page=7|L5 Intraoral Radiographic Anatomy, p.7]] [^8]: Original PDF page 8: [[L5 Intraoral Radiographic Anatomy.pdf#page=8|L5 Intraoral Radiographic Anatomy, p.8]] [^9]: Original PDF page 9: [[L5 Intraoral Radiographic Anatomy.pdf#page=9|L5 Intraoral Radiographic Anatomy, p.9]] [^10]: Original PDF page 10: [[L5 Intraoral Radiographic Anatomy.pdf#page=10|L5 Intraoral Radiographic Anatomy, p.10]] [^11]: Original PDF page 11: [[L5 Intraoral Radiographic Anatomy.pdf#page=11|L5 Intraoral Radiographic Anatomy, p.11]] [^12]: Original PDF page 12: [[L5 Intraoral Radiographic Anatomy.pdf#page=12|L5 Intraoral Radiographic Anatomy, p.12]] [^13]: Original PDF page 13: [[L5 Intraoral Radiographic Anatomy.pdf#page=13|L5 Intraoral Radiographic Anatomy, p.13]] [^14]: Original PDF page 14: [[L5 Intraoral Radiographic Anatomy.pdf#page=14|L5 Intraoral Radiographic Anatomy, p.14]] [^15]: Original PDF page 15: [[L5 Intraoral Radiographic Anatomy.pdf#page=15|L5 Intraoral Radiographic Anatomy, p.15]] [^16]: Original PDF page 16: [[L5 Intraoral Radiographic Anatomy.pdf#page=16|L5 Intraoral Radiographic Anatomy, p.16]] [^17]: Original PDF page 17: [[L5 Intraoral Radiographic Anatomy.pdf#page=17|L5 Intraoral Radiographic Anatomy, p.17]] [^18]: Original PDF page 18: [[L5 Intraoral Radiographic Anatomy.pdf#page=18|L5 Intraoral Radiographic Anatomy, p.18]] [^19]: Original PDF page 19: [[L5 Intraoral Radiographic Anatomy.pdf#page=19|L5 Intraoral Radiographic Anatomy, p.19]] [^20]: Original PDF page 20: [[L5 Intraoral Radiographic Anatomy.pdf#page=20|L5 Intraoral Radiographic Anatomy, p.20]] [^21]: Original PDF page 21: [[L5 Intraoral Radiographic Anatomy.pdf#page=21|L5 Intraoral Radiographic Anatomy, p.21]] [^22]: Original PDF page 22: [[L5 Intraoral Radiographic Anatomy.pdf#page=22|L5 Intraoral Radiographic Anatomy, p.22]] [^23]: Original PDF page 23: [[L5 Intraoral Radiographic Anatomy.pdf#page=23|L5 Intraoral Radiographic Anatomy, p.23]] [^24]: Original PDF page 24: [[L5 Intraoral Radiographic Anatomy.pdf#page=24|L5 Intraoral Radiographic Anatomy, p.24]] [^25]: Original PDF page 25: [[L5 Intraoral Radiographic Anatomy.pdf#page=25|L5 Intraoral Radiographic Anatomy, p.25]] [^26]: Original PDF page 26: [[L5 Intraoral Radiographic Anatomy.pdf#page=26|L5 Intraoral Radiographic Anatomy, p.26]] [^27]: Original PDF page 27: [[L5 Intraoral Radiographic Anatomy.pdf#page=27|L5 Intraoral Radiographic Anatomy, p.27]] [^28]: Original PDF page 28: [[L5 Intraoral Radiographic Anatomy.pdf#page=28|L5 Intraoral Radiographic Anatomy, p.28]] [^29]: Original PDF page 29: [[L5 Intraoral Radiographic Anatomy.pdf#page=29|L5 Intraoral Radiographic Anatomy, p.29]] [^30]: Original PDF page 30: [[L5 Intraoral Radiographic Anatomy.pdf#page=30|L5 Intraoral Radiographic Anatomy, p.30]] [^31]: Original PDF page 31: [[L5 Intraoral Radiographic Anatomy.pdf#page=31|L5 Intraoral Radiographic Anatomy, p.31]] [^32]: Original PDF page 32: [[L5 Intraoral Radiographic Anatomy.pdf#page=32|L5 Intraoral Radiographic Anatomy, p.32]] [^33]: Original PDF page 33: [[L5 Intraoral Radiographic Anatomy.pdf#page=33|L5 Intraoral Radiographic Anatomy, p.33]] [^34]: Original PDF page 34: [[L5 Intraoral Radiographic Anatomy.pdf#page=34|L5 Intraoral Radiographic Anatomy, p.34]] [^35]: Original PDF page 35: [[L5 Intraoral Radiographic Anatomy.pdf#page=35|L5 Intraoral Radiographic Anatomy, p.35]] [^36]: Original PDF page 36: [[L5 Intraoral Radiographic Anatomy.pdf#page=36|L5 Intraoral Radiographic Anatomy, p.36]] [^37]: Original PDF page 37: [[L5 Intraoral Radiographic Anatomy.pdf#page=37|L5 Intraoral Radiographic Anatomy, p.37]] [^38]: Original PDF page 38: [[L5 Intraoral Radiographic Anatomy.pdf#page=38|L5 Intraoral Radiographic Anatomy, p.38]] [^39]: Original PDF page 39: [[L5 Intraoral Radiographic Anatomy.pdf#page=39|L5 Intraoral Radiographic Anatomy, p.39]] [^40]: Original PDF page 40: [[L5 Intraoral Radiographic Anatomy.pdf#page=40|L5 Intraoral Radiographic Anatomy, p.40]]