Etiology and Pathophysiology

Contributory factors :

Prevalence

Histological Features

  • Hyperkeratosis
  • early squamous cell carcinoma
  • Epithelial dysplasia
  • prominent solar elastosis sometimes noted

Clinical Features

Location

More frequently found on th eloewr lip

Appearance

  • white, red and white or red plaques, followed by ulcerated or pigmented lesions
  • May develop leukoplakia
  • Dryness
  • Fissuring
  • Blurring of the vermillion border
  • Atrophy (smooth, blotchy, pale areas)

Differential Diagnoses

  • leukoplakia
  • lichen planus
  • Lupus erythematosus
  • OSCC

Relevant Clinical Investigations

  • Biopsy
  • Full blood count and hematinic
  • cytology smear

Patient Management

  • Laser ablation
  • 5 - fluorouracil
  • sunscreen
  • regular review
  • excision