Quartz 4

Oral Pathology - 01 - Developmental Conditions

5 min read

Oral Pathology1

Clinical Classifications and Disease Categories2

  • Developmental Conditions
  • Mucosal Lesions—Reactive
  • Mucosal Lesions—Infections
  • Mucosal Lesions—Immunologic Diseases
  • Mucosal Lesions—Premalignant
  • Mucosal Lesions—Malignant
  • CT Tumors—Benign
  • CT Tumors—Malignant
  • Salivary Gland Diseases—Reactive
  • Salivary Gland Diseases—Benign
  • Salivary Gland Diseases—Malignant
  • Lymphoid Neoplasms
  • Odontogenic Cysts
  • Odontogenic Tumors
  • Bone Lesions—Fibro-Osseous
  • Bone Lesions—Giant Cell
  • Bone Lesions—Inflammatory
  • Bone Lesions—Malignant
  • Hereditary Conditions

Lecture Organization

The lecture series is organized by tissue type and lesion type (reactive, infectious, immunologic, etc.). The progression follows a path from developmental conditions to the mucosa, submucosa, glands, teeth, bone, and finally hereditary conditions.

Developmental Conditions

Cleft Lip3

Orofacial Clefts

  • Approximately 1 in 1000 births
  • Unilateral (80%) or bilateral (20%)
  • Lack of fusion between medial nasal process and maxillary process

Cleft Palate4

  • Approximately 1 in 2000 births
  • Lack of fusion between palatal shelves

Lip and Mucosal Variations

Lip Pits5

  • Invaginations at commissures or near midline
  • Van der Woude Syndrome = clefts + pits
    • Van der Woude Syndrome involves the presence of lip pits in combination with a cleft lip, cleft palate, or both.

Fordyce Granules6

  • Ectopic sebaceous glands
    • Benign, whitish-yellow granules typically found on the buccal or labial mucosa. No treatment is necessary.

Leukoedema7

  • White or whitish-gray edematous lesion of buccal mucosa
  • Dissipates when cheek is stretched
    • Most common on the buccal mucosa.

Thyroid Developmental Anomalies

Lingual Thyroid8

  • Thyroid tissue mass at midline base of tongue
    • Located near the foramen cecum.
    • Occurs when the thyroid fails to descend properly.
  • Located along embryonic path of thyroid descent

Thyroglossal Duct Cyst9

  • Midline neck swelling
  • Located along embryonic path of thyroid descent
    • Path extends from the foramen cecum, wrapping around the hyoid bone, to the trachea.

Tongue Conditions

Geographic Tongue10

  • Also called benign migratory glossitis and erythema migrans
  • White annular (ringed) lesions surrounding central red islands that migrate over time
  • Occasionally hurt and burn
  • Tx: none
    • No specific treatment other than dietary or symptomatic changes.

Fissured Tongue11

  • Folds and furrows of tongue dorsum
  • Melkersson-Rosentahl Syndrome = fissured tongue + granulomatous cheilitis + facial paralysis
    • Granulomatous cheilitis presents as red, swollen lip inflammation.
    • Facial paralysis is often Bell's palsy.

Vascular Malformations and Angiomas

Angioma12

  • Tumors composed of blood vessels or lymph vessels

Cherry Angioma13

  • Red mole
    • Very common, benign lesion consisting of a small proliferation of capillaries.

Hemangioma14

  • Congenital focal proliferation of capillaries
  • Most undergo involution, but persistent lesions are excised
    • Involution involves shrinking as the child ages; persistent lesions may be excised for aesthetics.

Lymphangioma15

  • Congenital focal proliferation of lymph vessels
    • Oral lymphangiomas are very rare, purple spots on tongue
    • Called a cystic hygroma when occurs in the neck
  • Sturge-Weber Syndrome = angiomas of leptomeninges (arachnoid and pia mater) + skin along the distribution of the trigeminal nerve
    • Also known as Encephalotrigeminal Angiomatosis.
    • Skin angiomas follow the distribution of V1, V2, and V3.

Bone Growth and Cysts

Exostoses/Tori16

  • Excessive cortical bone growth
    • Named by location, such as Buccal Exostosis or Palatal Torus.

Soft Tissue Cysts of the Neck and Mouth

Dermoid Cyst17

  • Mass in midline floor of mouth if above mylohyoid
  • Mass in upper neck if below mylohyoid
  • Contains adnexal structures like hair and sebaceous glands
  • Doughy consistency
    • The doughy consistency distinguishes it from a ranula.

Branchial Cyst18

  • Lateral neck swelling
  • Epithelial cyst within lymph node of neck
    • Manifests as a lateral neck swelling, unlike the midline thyroglossal duct cyst.

Oral Lymphoepithelial Cyst19

  • Epithelial cyst within lymphoid tissue of oral mucosa
  • Palatine and lingual tonsils are common regions

Radiographic Bone Entities

Stafne Bone Defect20

  • Radiolucency in posterior mandible below mandibular canal
  • Due to lingual concavity of jaw
    • It is not a true cyst but a variation of normal anatomy.

Nasopalatine Duct Cyst21

  • Heart-shaped radiolucency in nasopalatine canal
  • Caused by cystification of canal remnants
  • Tx: excision

Globulomaxillary Lesion22

  • Clinical term denoting any radiolucency between maxillary canine and lateral incisor
    • This is a clinical term, not a diagnosis.

Traumatic Bone Cyst23

  • Also called simple bone cyst and idiopathic bone cavity
  • Large radiolucency scalloped around roots
  • No epithelial lining (dead space) in mandible of teenagers
  • Usually associated with jaw trauma
  • Tx: aspirate to diagnosis, just monitor
    • Aspiration is used to confirm it contains blood or fluid.
    • Considered a "pseudocyst" because it lacks an epithelial lining.

Footnotes

  1. Original PDF page 1: Oral Pathology - 01 - Developmental Conditions, p.1 ↩

  2. Original PDF page 2: Oral Pathology - 01 - Developmental Conditions, p.2 ↩

  3. Original PDF page 3: Oral Pathology - 01 - Developmental Conditions, p.3 ↩

  4. Original PDF page 4: Oral Pathology - 01 - Developmental Conditions, p.4 ↩

  5. Original PDF page 5: Oral Pathology - 01 - Developmental Conditions, p.5 ↩

  6. Original PDF page 6: Oral Pathology - 01 - Developmental Conditions, p.6 ↩

  7. Original PDF page 7: Oral Pathology - 01 - Developmental Conditions, p.7 ↩

  8. Original PDF page 8: Oral Pathology - 01 - Developmental Conditions, p.8 ↩

  9. Original PDF page 9: Oral Pathology - 01 - Developmental Conditions, p.9 ↩

  10. Original PDF page 10: Oral Pathology - 01 - Developmental Conditions, p.10 ↩

  11. Original PDF page 11: Oral Pathology - 01 - Developmental Conditions, p.11 ↩

  12. Original PDF page 12: Oral Pathology - 01 - Developmental Conditions, p.12 ↩

  13. Original PDF page 13: Oral Pathology - 01 - Developmental Conditions, p.13 ↩

  14. Original PDF page 14: Oral Pathology - 01 - Developmental Conditions, p.14 ↩

  15. Original PDF page 15: Oral Pathology - 01 - Developmental Conditions, p.15 ↩

  16. Original PDF page 16: Oral Pathology - 01 - Developmental Conditions, p.16 ↩

  17. Original PDF page 17: Oral Pathology - 01 - Developmental Conditions, p.17 ↩

  18. Original PDF page 18: Oral Pathology - 01 - Developmental Conditions, p.18 ↩

  19. Original PDF page 19: Oral Pathology - 01 - Developmental Conditions, p.19 ↩

  20. Original PDF page 20: Oral Pathology - 01 - Developmental Conditions, p.20 ↩

  21. Original PDF page 21: Oral Pathology - 01 - Developmental Conditions, p.21 ↩

  22. Original PDF page 22: Oral Pathology - 01 - Developmental Conditions, p.22 ↩

  23. Original PDF page 23: Oral Pathology - 01 - Developmental Conditions, p.23 ↩

Graph View