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Lecture 4 Exercise Answers

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Basic Osteology Of The Skull And Radiographic Anatomy

Labelled diagram of skull anatomy illustrating basic osteology, with numbered identifiers for structures such as nasal bones, zygomatic processes, and dental alveoli.

Basic Osteology of the Skull1

Anatomical Diagrams And Osteology

Skull And Facial Bones

  1. anterior nasal spine
  2. interseptal bone
  3. crestal alveolar bone
  4. inferior turbinate (concha)
  5. cartilaginous nasal septum
  6. inferior process of ethmoid bone
  7. nasal fossa
  8. infraorbital foramen
  9. zygomatic process of maxilla
  10. mental ridge
  11. mental foramen
  12. external oblique ridge
  13. retromolar trigone
  14. zygomatico-maxillary suture
  15. zygomatic bone
  16. zygomatico-temporal suture
  17. zygomatic process of temporal bone
  18. nasal bone
  19. zygomatico-frontal suture

Vascular Anatomy Of The Head2

  1. common carotid artery
  2. external carotid artery
  3. internal carotid artery
  4. facial artery
  5. inferior alveolar artery
  6. internal maxillary artery
  7. posterior superior alveolar arteries
  8. infraorbital artery
  9. labial artery
  10. incisive artery

Maxillary And Palatal Structures34

Mandible

Maxilla5

  1. hard palate

  2. infundibulum

  3. ostium of nasolacrimal canal

  4. inferior turbinate

  5. middle turbinate

  6. nasal bone

  7. nasolacrimal canal

  8. frontal sinus

  9. sphenoid sinus

  10. pituitary fossa

  11. medial pterygoid plate

  12. lateral pterygoid plate

  13. hamular process of medial pterygoid plate (hamulus)

  14. maxillary tuberosity

  15. incisive foramen

  16. median maxillary suture (midpalatal suture)

  17. palatal process of maxilla

  18. palato-maxillary suture (transverse)

  19. shadow of nasolacrimal duct

  20. palatine bone

  21. greater palatine foramen

  22. lesser palatine foramen

  23. posterior nares

  24. foramen of Stenson

  25. incisive canal

  26. foramen of Scarpa

  27. lateral fossa

  28. maxilla

  29. vertical process of maxilla

  30. floor of nasal fossa

  31. vomer bone

  32. palato-maxillary suture

  33. palatal bone

  34. posterior nasal spine

  35. sinus recess / alveolar recess of sinus

  36. maxillary sinus

  37. bony septum of maxillary sinus

  38. anterior nasal spine

Mandibular Osteology6

  1. coronoid process
  2. sigmoid notch
  3. head of condyle
  4. medial sigmoid depression
  5. mandibular foramen
  6. angle of mandible
  7. inferior cortex of mandible
  8. digastric fossa
  9. submandibular (salivary gland) fossa
  10. mylohyoid (internal oblique) ridge
  11. inferior genial tubercle of geniohyoid muscle
  12. superior genial tubercle of genioglossus muscle
  13. accessory lingual foramen for lingual vessels (lingual foramen)

Radiographic Anatomy Exercises

Introduction To Radiographic Identification7

Exercises

  • Identify the type of x-ray
  • Identify anatomical structures / landmarks

Example

Q. Type of x-ray? A: Periapical radiograph (PA) of 35, 34, 33 → In radiology, Tooth # is counted from 18-28 (right to left), 38-48 (left to right)

Q. Anatomical structures/landmarks? A:

    1. Mylohyoid ridge / internal oblique ridge
    1. Submandibular fossa (left)
    1. Left mandibular canal OR Left inferior dental/alveolar canal
    1. Left mental foramen
    1. Incisive branches & anterior loop of the mandibular canal

A: Diagram showing labelled anatomical landmarks; B: Corresponding periapical radiograph.

Mandibular And Dental Radiography8

  1. inferior cortex of mandible
  2. inferior alveolar canal
  3. lamina dura (radiopaque thin white line)
  4. periodontal membrane space (radiolucent thin black line)
  5. coronal pulp space (pulp chamber)
  6. interproximal contact point
  7. dentin
  8. enamel
  9. interseptal alveolar bone (interradicular alveolar bone)
  10. crestal plate (thin white radiopaque line)
  11. root canal space (containing the dental pulp)
  12. cementum (frequently not distinguishable from the subadjacent dentin unless hypercementosis is present)

Anterior Maxillary Radiography910

  1. soft tissue shadow of upper lip

  2. cervical margin (line) of enamel

  3. alveolar bone margin (dark band between 2 and 3 is the root)

  4. median maxillary suture

  5. soft tissue outline of nose

  6. incisive foramen

  7. orifice of nasolacrimal duct (at infundibulum of the inferior turbinate not seen)

  8. lateral wall of nasal fossa

  9. #23

  10. #24

  11. #25

  12. #21

  13. #22

  14. #63

  15. #64

  16. #65

AB

Posterior Maxillary And Sinus Radiography11121314

  1. embossed dot on film

  2. soft tissue outline of nasolabial fold

  3. floor of maxillary sinus

  4. bony septum in maxillary sinus

  5. air space of maxillary sinus

  6. metal part in bite-block

  7. zygomatic process of maxilla

  8. hard palate/floor of nose

  9. nasal mucosa

  10. nasal cavity

  11. maxillary sinus air space

  12. sinus septum

  13. floor of maxillary sinus

  14. mucosa of alveolar ridge

  15. alveolar bone of maxilla

  16. sinus floor mucosa

  17. floor of maxillary sinus

  18. zygomatic process of maxilla

  19. air space of maxillary sinus

  20. bony septum in maxillary sinus

  21. sinus mucosa on both sides of septum

  22. mucosal lining

  23. soft tissue superimposition

  24. maxillary sinus air space

  25. zygomatic arch

  26. medial pterygoid plate

  27. lateral pterygoid plate

  28. hamular process of medial pterygoid plate

  29. maxillary tuberosity

  30. floor of maxillary sinus

  31. coronoid process of mandible

  32. embossed dot in film

  33. “ks” marking indicating “D” speed film

  34. bite-block

A
B

Anterior Mandibular Radiography151617

  1. mental foramen (does not usually have a corticated margin)

  2. inferior cortex of mandible

  3. inferior cortex

  4. inferior cortical border

  5. genial tubercles

  6. lingual foramen

  7. lingual canal

  8. mental ridge

  9. soft tissue shadow of lower lip

  10. genial tubercles

  11. lingual foramen

  12. inferior cortex

  13. #31

  14. #32

  15. #73

  16. #74

  17. #33

  18. #34

  19. #35

A. Diagram showing tooth roots and bone structure with labels 1 and 2.B. Radiograph showing corresponding anatomical structures in vivo.

Footnotes

  1. Original PDF page 1: Lecture 4 Excercise answers, p.1 ↩

  2. Original PDF page 2: Lecture 4 Excercise answers, p.2 ↩

  3. Original PDF page 4: Lecture 4 Excercise answers, p.4 ↩

  4. Original PDF page 5: Lecture 4 Excercise answers, p.5 ↩

  5. Original PDF page 3: Lecture 4 Excercise answers, p.3 ↩

  6. Original PDF page 6: Lecture 4 Excercise answers, p.6 ↩

  7. Original PDF page 7: Lecture 4 Excercise answers, p.7 ↩

  8. Original PDF page 8: Lecture 4 Excercise answers, p.8 ↩

  9. Original PDF page 9: Lecture 4 Excercise answers, p.9 ↩

  10. Original PDF page 10: Lecture 4 Excercise answers, p.10 ↩

  11. Original PDF page 11: Lecture 4 Excercise answers, p.11 ↩

  12. Original PDF page 12: Lecture 4 Excercise answers, p.12 ↩

  13. Original PDF page 13: Lecture 4 Excercise answers, p.13 ↩

  14. Original PDF page 14: Lecture 4 Excercise answers, p.14 ↩

  15. Original PDF page 15: Lecture 4 Excercise answers, p.15 ↩

  16. Original PDF page 16: Lecture 4 Excercise answers, p.16 ↩

  17. Original PDF page 17: Lecture 4 Excercise answers, p.17 ↩

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